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Osteomyelitis (Refractory)

Osteomyelitis is an infection of bone. It is described as refractory when it persists or returns despite appropriate treatment. Care may involve targeted antibiotics, removal of infected or dead tissue and treatment of circulation or wound problems that interfere with healing.

HBOT can be considered as an adjunct in selected refractory cases. A 2018 systematic review found potentially beneficial outcomes in published reports of chronic osteomyelitis, generally after patients had received antibiotics and surgical treatment. Much of that evidence came from case series rather than randomized trials, so it does not guarantee success for an individual patient. HBOT should be coordinated with the surgical and infectious-disease team.

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